A consortium consisting of Total, ArcelorMittal, Axens, ACP, Brevik Engineering, CMI, DTU, Gassco, RWTH, IFP Energies nouvelles (IFPEN), and Uetikon have launched a demonstration carbon capture and storage project to be based at ArcelorMittal’s steel plant in Dunkirk, France. DMX Demonstration in Dunkirk (3D) aims to demonstrate at a pilot scale the effectiveness of a solvent-based CO₂ capture process known as DMX, which is reported to use 35% less energy than a reference technology. Interestingly, by using heat produced at the steel plant, the cost of capture is estimated at €35 (US$39.2)/tonne of CO₂, which would compare favourably to the US$50 (€44.6) tax credit offered in the US per tonne of stored CO₂, although the DMX cost estimate does not include transport and storage. (EU ETC carbon emission allowances are currently valued at around €25 ($US28)/tonne CO₂ on the market.) The demonstration will be rolled out in two stages, the pilot capturing 0.5 tonnes CO₂/hr, to be up and running by 2021, and the commercial/industrial stage, capturing 125 tonnes/hr, or more than 1 million tonnes per year, going live in 2025. Captured carbon dioxide will be transported for storage at the Northern Lights project in the North Sea, off the coast of Norway, a project in which Total is already involved. If successful, 3D project will be expanded to cover more of the Dunkirk industrial cluster, with a combined 10 million tonnes of CO₂ being captured per year by 2035. The €19.3m (US$21.5 million) demonstration project is funded mostly by the European Commission, which is contributing €14.7 (US$16.4 million), and is being coordinated by IFPEN.