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What data is available on main wood fuel properties?
Date posted:
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Post Author
espadmin
1. Background
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- To overview the data available – go to Section 2 below.
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2. Data Overview
The European standardization of solid BioFuels is currently [July 2001], under development; see the project Standardisation of solid biofuels in Europe, project number: FAIR5-CT97-3952.
However, characterisation is available by selecting the country where a specific fuel is a dominant source of energy; for an example select Finland for wood.
All data presented in this Combustion File is contained in Tables 1 to 3 below:
Table 1 shows the average properties of different types of solid wood fuel.
Table 2 introduces data on wood chip fuel with regard to composition and ash analyses.
Table 3 gives a comparison between waste wood and Columbian coal (El Cerrejon).
Sources
[1] Evaluation of the Dutch and Finnish situation of energy recovery from biomass
and waste (Tekes, 2000, 115 pp.)
[2] Hein, K.R.G.: Combined combustion of biomass/sewage sludge and coals of high and
low rank in different systems of semi-industrial and industrial scale. EC-research project: APAS, Clean Coal Technology Programme (1992-1994),
Volume II: Final Reports.
[3] Gast, C.H. & Visser, J.G.: The cocombustion of waste wood with coal. Effects
on emissions and fly-ash composition. EC-research project: APAS, Clean Coal Technology Programme
(1992-1994), Volume II: Final Reports
Tables
Table 1a. Average properties of
different types of solid wood fuel. Source: [1]
[GLOSS]Logging residue chips[/GLOSS] |
[GLOSS]Whole tree chips[/GLOSS] |
[GLOSS]Log chips[/GLOSS] |
[GLOSS]Stump chips[/GLOSS] |
[GLOSS]Softwood chips[/GLOSS] |
[GLOSS]Birch chips[/GLOSS] |
|
Moisture |
50-60 |
45-55 |
40-55 |
30-50 |
50-65 |
45-55 |
Net |
18.5-20 |
18.5-20 |
18.5-20 |
18.5-20 |
18.5-20 |
21-23 |
Net |
6-9 |
6-9 |
6-10 |
6-11 |
6-9 |
7-11 |
Bulk |
250-400 |
250-350 |
250-350 |
200-300 |
250-350 |
300-400 |
Energy |
0.7-0.9 |
0.7-0.9 |
0.7-0.9 |
0.8-1.0 |
0.5-0.7 |
0.6-0.8 |
Ash |
1-3 |
1-2 |
0.5-2 |
1-3 |
1-3 |
1-3 |
Hydrogen |
6-6.2 |
5.4-6 |
5.4-6 |
5.4-6 |
5.7-5.9 |
6.2-6.8 |
Sulphur |
<0.05 |
<0.05 |
<0.05 |
<0.05 |
<0.05 |
<0.05 |
Nitrogen |
0.3-0.5 |
0.3-0.5 |
0.3-0.5 |
0.3-0.5 |
0.3-0.5 |
0.5-0.8 |
Table 1b. Average properties of
different types of solid wood fuel. Source: [1]
[GLOSS]Wood residue chips[/GLOSS] |
[GLOSS]Saw residue chips[/GLOSS] |
[GLOSS]Sawdust[/GLOSS] |
[GLOSS]Cutter chips[/GLOSS] |
[GLOSS]Grinding dust[/GLOSS] |
[GLOSS]Pellets[/GLOSS] |
|
Moisture content, wt%, |
10-50 |
45-60 |
45-60 |
5-15 |
5-15 |
10 |
Net calorific value in dry |
18.5-20 |
18.5-20 |
19-19.2 |
19-19.2 |
19-19.2 |
19.2 |
Net calorific values as |
6-15 |
6-10 |
6-10 |
13-16 |
15-17 |
16.8 |
Bulk density as received, |
150-300 |
250-350 |
250-350 |
80-120 |
100-150 |
500-750 |
Energy density, MWh/m3 |
0.7-0.9 |
0.5-0.8 |
0.45-0.7 |
0.45-0.55 |
0.5-0.65 |
2.3 |
Ash content in dry matter, |
0.4-1 |
0.5-2 |
0.4-0.5 |
0.4-0.5 |
0.4-0.8 |
1.5 |
Hydrogen content in dry |
5.4-6.4 |
5.4-6.4 |
6.2-6.4 |
6.2-6.4 |
6.2-6.4 |
6.2-6.4 |
Sulphur content in dry |
<0.05 |
<0.05 |
<0.05 |
<0.05 |
<0.05 |
<0.05 |
Nitrogen content in dry |
0.1-0.5 |
0.1-0.5 |
0.1-0.5 |
0.1-0.5 |
0.1-0.5 |
0.04 |
Table 2.1. Ultimate analysis and ash
percentages of wood in moisture-free condition. [2]
|
C |
H |
O |
N |
S |
ash |
SiO2 |
wood |
45 |
5.6 |
6.5 |
40 |
0.5-1.5 |
0.01 |
0.6 |
Table 2.2. Analysis results for wood
ash ignited to 815 oC. [2]
Constituent |
Unit |
Mean |
SiO2 |
% |
15.3 |
FeO2 |
% |
2.4 |
Al2O3 |
% |
2.9 |
CaO |
% |
28.21 |
MgO |
% |
4.23 |
K2O |
% |
5.41 |
P2O5 |
% |
2.28 |
Na2O |
% |
0.63 |
SO3 |
% |
4.3 |
Pb |
mg/kg |
12.6 |
Cd |
mg/kg |
3.9 |
Cr |
mg/kg |
36.3 |
Cu |
mg/kg |
96.9 |
Ni |
mg/kg |
42.4 |
Hg |
mg/kg |
|
Zn |
mg/kg |
600 |
Ash |
% |
2 |
Table 3a. Proximate analysis of waste
wood and Columbian coal (El Cerrejon)
%wt as received |
Waste |
Coal |
Moisture |
7.2 |
3.2 |
Volatile matter |
74.59 |
36.26 |
Fixed carbon |
No |
No |
Ash |
2.92 |
5.82 |
Table 3b. Ultimate analysis
%wt as received |
Waste |
Coal |
Carbon |
44.5 |
75.0 |
Hydrogen |
5.74 |
4.96 |
Nitrogen |
0.43 |
1.45 |
Sulphur |
0.13 |
0.55 |
Oxygen |
39.0 |
9.14 |
Chlorine (mg/kg) |
541 |
221 |
Table 3c. Calorific value
MJ/kg |
Waste |
Coal |
HCV |
15.62 |
30.82 |
LCV |
14.33 |
29.7 |
Table 3d. Ash composition
%wt as oxide |
Waste |
Coal |
SiO2 |
48.6 |
59.3 |
Al2O3 |
3.8 |
18.0 |
CaO |
17.1 |
3.7 |
P2O5 |
0.23 |
0.2 |
Fe2O3 |
2.9 |
9.6 |
TiO2 |
6.0 |
0.9 |
MgO |
1.8 |
2.2 |
Na2O |
2.0 |
0.9 |
K2O |
1.6 |
1.9 |
Table 3e. Heavy metals – trace
element concentration
mg/kg as received |
Waste |
Coal |
Pb |
817 |
3.05 |
Cd |
2.3 |
0.09 |
Hg |
0.05 |
0.03 |
Zn |
1235 |
12 |
Ni |
39 |
11.1 |
As |
7.3 |
1.8 |
Cr |
108 |
7.4 |
Sb |
7.3 |
< |
Sn |
2.1 |
< |