Acronym - Absorption Distribution Function

Relationship between the rate at which a reaction proceeds and its temperature.

To be defined.

An analytical term for the calcium oxide content of quicklime of hydrated lime that is able to react with sucrose solution (available lime test standard)

Normally refers to sodium and potassium hydroxide, but may include lithium hydroxide. Traces of sodium and potassium compounds are present in both feedstock materials and fuels for many processes. Their hydroxides are formed at high temperature and set up thermally and operationally detrimental volatile cycles

Non crystalline, without form or texture

A burner that can operate without manual intervention including start up and shut down processes.

The penetration of a substance into the mass of another substance by molecular or chemical action.

The lowest temperature required to initiate self-sustained combustion in the absence of a spark or a flame

In signal amplification, an ac-coupled amplifier offsets the dc-component of the signal to zero while amplifying the ac-component of the signal.

In relation to the firing of liquid fuels, atomisation is the process of transforming the fuel flow in the burner into a stream of droplets thus increasing the surface to volume ratio to aid evaporation in the root of the flame

A reaction in which a straight-chain or branched-chain hydrocarbon group, which is called a radical or alkyl group, is united with either an aromatic molecule or a branched-chain hydrocarbon.

A cluster of individual particles in which the particles are held together by surface forces resulting from a change of environment. Opposite of agglomeration is dispersion.

A computational model inspired by the structure of a biological brain. Therefore it is typically composed of a large number of highly interconnected processing elements, that are analogous to neurons, and these are linked together with weighted connections that are analogous to synapses in the brain.

Gas that is produced at the same time as black oil. In the reservoir, it may be dissolved in the oil, or if sufficient gas is present and depending on reservoir temperature and pressure, may form a separate gas layer or cap.

Commercially available synthetic resin

A process in which a substance, usually a gas, accumulates on the surface of a solid. The amount of gas adsorbed is a function of temperature and pressure as well as the nature of the gas itself. Adsorption may be used to store gases or to separate gas mixtures by varying the pressure or the temperature.

So called “atmospheric” air - the atmosphere at the Earth’s surface which provides the essential oxygen content of industrial comburents.

The target compound for analysis

The fraction of radiation incident on a surface that is absorbed.

The fractional attenuation of a beam of radiation per unit distance through a transparent medium.

The fractional attenuation of a beam of radiation per unit distance through a gaseous medium per unit pressure (atmosphere) of absorbing gas component. Units are m-1atm-1. Term often used to mean Extinction Coefficient

The external energy that must be provided to reactants in order to initiate a reaction. The combination of this energy with the internal enthalpy of the reactants is sufficient to break the reacting molecules into their constituting atoms.

Design adopted in certain combustion devices where it is desirable to deliver progressively the air. This technique is often used to reduce the combustion temperature

Compounds containing an –NHi group. Organic compounds which have this group are called amines

Planar (or nearly linear) cyclic ring systems having a sequence of alternating double (or triple) and single chemical bonds

The quantity of air required to completely combust a given quantity of a fuel - may be expressed on a volume or a mass or a mixed volume/mass basis

Carbon, usually in a ground form, that has been treated to have extra functional groups, used widely for adsorption of air and water pollutants, due to it’s adsorptive ability and high surface area. Carbon sources for activated carbon production include coconut shells, coal, wood and lignite.

Medical. Having a rapid onset and following a short but severe exposure

Compares the mass ratio between comburent and fuel at a point in a flame to the mass ratio supplied through the burner

Acronym - Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

Related to human activities

Of, relating to, or containing one or more six-carbon rings characteristic of the benzene series and related organic groups.

Sound pressure level indicated when the incident sound pressure is weighted to reflect the frequency response of the human ear

The highest rank coal characterised by low volatile matter - always less than 10% - and high carbon content it has a semi-metallic lustre and is capable of burning, relatively easily, without smoke – see also Semi-anthracite.

Refers to the theoretical flame temperature assuming no heat losses. It is computed by equating the lower heating value of the fuel to the enthalpy of combustion products corresponding to a unit mass of fuel and to a known excess air (but assuming no recirculation)

The ability of coal ash to gradually soften and melt with an increase in temperature as a result of chemical reactions and the melting of its components

Acronym - Algebraic Stress Model - CFD turbulence sub-model

Acidification is a complex chemical and atmospheric phenomenon that occurs when emissions of sulphur and nitrogen compounds and other substances are transformed by chemical processes in the atmosphere, often far from the original sources, and then deposited on earth in either wet or dry form. The wet forms, popularly called "acid rain," can fall to earth as rain, snow, or fog. The dry forms are acidic gases or particulates

Anaerobic digestion is the bacterial fermentation of organic material in the absence of air.

Ash is the non-combustible material that is contained by a liquid or solid fuel, which is left as a residue after the completion of the combustion process. (See also Fly ash).

The flame produced by two distinct but coaxial jets of fuel and air injected along the axis of a combustion system

The flame produced by two distinct but coaxial jets of fuel and air injected along the axis of a combustion system